Diphtheria: A Once-Deadly Disease Now Preventable With Vaccination
What is Diphtheria?
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that can cause difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. It is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which produces a toxin that damages the heart, kidneys, and nervous system.
How is Diphtheria Spread?
Diphtheria is spread through close contact with an infected person or by touching objects that have been contaminated with the bacteria. The bacteria can be spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through contact with infected skin lesions.
What are the Symptoms of Diphtheria?
The symptoms of diphtheria can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Mild cases may only cause a sore throat, while more severe cases can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and death.
The most common symptoms of diphtheria include:
- Sore throat
- Difficulty breathing
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Fever
- Chills
- Headache
- Muscle weakness
- Paralysis
- Death
How is Diphtheria Diagnosed?
Diphtheria is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination. The doctor may also order a throat culture to confirm the diagnosis.
How is Diphtheria Treated?
Diphtheria is treated with antibiotics. The antibiotics will kill the bacteria and stop the production of the toxin. In severe cases, the patient may also need to be hospitalized for supportive care, such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation.
How can Diphtheria be Prevented?
Diphtheria can be prevented by vaccination. The diphtheria vaccine is safe and effective, and it is one of the most important vaccines for children. The vaccine is typically given as a series of shots, starting at 6 weeks of age.
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